先决条件
- 一台VPS，有独立IP，最低配置1C2G，建议2C4G以上，支持发件服务（未屏蔽邮件端口， 请咨询你的服务商），支持PTR反向解析（咨询你的服务商）
- 操作系统：CentOS、Debian、Ubuntu均可
- 安装了Docker和docker-composer
- 一个域名，注册时间越长越好，建议使用主流后缀，如：
.com/.net/.org
部分CentOS 7系统可能内置了postfix服务，会和mailcow端口冲突，可以先尝试执行下面的命令卸载postfix
#CentOS卸载postfix
yum -y remove postfix
#Debian或者Ubuntu卸载postfix
apt-get remove postfix设置Linux主机名
假设您的顶级域名为domain.com，那么您的主机名需要设置为mail.domain.com或mx.domain.com，前缀自己取，反正是需要二级域名。
设置主机名的命令为：
hostnamectl set-hostname mail.domain.com然后修改/etc/hosts，添加一行hosts解析，就是将mail.domain.com指向到您当前服务器的公网IP，命令如下：
echo '173.0.xx.xxx mail.domain.com' >> /etc/hosts部署mailcow
先克隆mailcow代码和脚本：
#CentOS安装Git
yum -y install git
#Debian安装Git
apt-get install git
#克隆mailcow代码
git clone https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized进入代码目录cd mailcow-dockerized执行初始化脚本：./generate_config.sh根据提示设置域名和时区等信息。注意：
- 域名要和上面设置的主机名一致，比如
mail.domain.com - 如果后续需要修改，可以编辑
mailcow.conf这个配置文件
mailcow默认使用了80/443作为WEB端口，如果您的服务器上已经存在WEB服务，可能会导致端口冲突，我们可以修改mailcow.conf这个配置文件，将
HTTP_PORT=80
HTTPS_PORT=443修改为其它端口，比如修改为：
HTTP_PORT=880
HTTPS_PORT=8443然后执行下面的命令拉取容器镜像和启动：
#拉取镜像
docker-compose pull
#启动容器
docker-compose up -d初始化mailcow和添加域名
安装成功后，访问您的IP + 端口进入WEB管理界面，默认用户名：admin，密码为：moohoo
进入后台后点右上方“配置 – 邮箱设置 – 添加域名”
注意：添加域名的时候这里需要填写您的顶级域名domian.com，比如您主机名设置的是mail.domain.com，那么这里添加域名的时候填写domain.com
添加邮箱解析
域名添加完毕后，右侧有个DNS按钮，点击这个按钮会对您的域名DNS进行检测和指引。
不过那个检测有点不准，而且并非所有记录都要添加，下面是必须添加的记录。
| 主机名 | 记录类型 | 记录值 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| mail.domain.com | A | 您的IP | 填写你VPS的公网IP |
| 您的IP | PTR | mail.domain.com | 可能需要联系服务商添加 |
| domain.com | MX | mail.domain.com | |
| autodiscover.domain.com | CNAME | mail.domain.com | |
| autoconfig.domain.com | CNAME | mail.domain.com | |
| domain.com | TXT | v=spf1 a mx ip4:173.0.xx.xxx ~all | IP改成你自己的 |
| dkim._domainkey.domain.com | TXT | 从mailcow后台获取 | DKIM记录从mailcow后台获取 |
邮件测试
DNS解析添加完毕后，等待几分钟生效，然后在mailcow后台添加邮箱账号，并登录webmail进行发件测试。
打开 https://www.mail-tester.com/ 这个网站，然后用你的mailcow邮箱发送邮件，发送完毕后查看得分。
满分为10分，如果评分很差，mail-tester会给出提示，建议根据提示进行修正即可。
总结
上述步骤我们仅仅是完成了安装和初始化，其实后续还有很多配置和维护工作要做。比如禁用IPV6、反向代理、配置SSL证书、数据备份与恢复等，有兴趣的可以参考mailcow官方文档完成，后续xiaoz再分享mailcow配置方面的内容。
自建邮局比较复杂且步骤繁多，很多细节问题若处理不好很容易进垃圾箱。非必要情况建议使用第三方企业邮箱即可，除非有特殊需求。自建邮局虽然不受发件量限制，但不建议短时间内发送大量垃圾邮件，否则你的IP或域名很容易被拉黑，最后得不偿失。
mailcow官网：https://mailcow.email/
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