使用Docker部署mailcow，自建邮局服务（一）

先决条件

  • 一台VPS，有独立IP，最低配置1C2G，建议2C4G以上，支持发件服务（未屏蔽邮件端口， 请咨询你的服务商），支持PTR反向解析（咨询你的服务商）
  • 操作系统：CentOS、Debian、Ubuntu均可
  • 安装了Docker和docker-composer
  • 一个域名，注册时间越长越好，建议使用主流后缀，如：.com/.net/.org

部分CentOS 7系统可能内置了postfix服务，会和mailcow端口冲突，可以先尝试执行下面的命令卸载postfix

#CentOS卸载postfix
yum -y remove postfix

#Debian或者Ubuntu卸载postfix
apt-get remove postfix

设置Linux主机名

假设您的顶级域名为domain.com，那么您的主机名需要设置为mail.domain.com或mx.domain.com，前缀自己取，反正是需要二级域名。

设置主机名的命令为：

hostnamectl set-hostname mail.domain.com

然后修改/etc/hosts，添加一行hosts解析，就是将mail.domain.com指向到您当前服务器的公网IP，命令如下：

echo '173.0.xx.xxx    mail.domain.com' >> /etc/hosts

部署mailcow

先克隆mailcow代码和脚本：

#CentOS安装Git
yum -y install git

#Debian安装Git
apt-get install git

#克隆mailcow代码
git clone https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized

进入代码目录cd mailcow-dockerized执行初始化脚本：./generate_config.sh根据提示设置域名和时区等信息。注意：

  1. 域名要和上面设置的主机名一致，比如mail.domain.com
  2. 如果后续需要修改，可以编辑mailcow.conf这个配置文件

mailcow默认使用了80/443作为WEB端口，如果您的服务器上已经存在WEB服务，可能会导致端口冲突，我们可以修改mailcow.conf这个配置文件，将

HTTP_PORT=80
HTTPS_PORT=443

修改为其它端口，比如修改为：

HTTP_PORT=880
HTTPS_PORT=8443

然后执行下面的命令拉取容器镜像和启动：

#拉取镜像
docker-compose pull

#启动容器
docker-compose up -d

初始化mailcow和添加域名

安装成功后，访问您的IP + 端口进入WEB管理界面，默认用户名：admin，密码为：moohoo

进入后台后点右上方“配置 – 邮箱设置 – 添加域名”

注意：添加域名的时候这里需要填写您的顶级域名domian.com，比如您主机名设置的是mail.domain.com，那么这里添加域名的时候填写domain.com

添加邮箱解析

域名添加完毕后，右侧有个DNS按钮，点击这个按钮会对您的域名DNS进行检测和指引。

不过那个检测有点不准，而且并非所有记录都要添加，下面是必须添加的记录。

主机名记录类型记录值备注
mail.domain.comA您的IP填写你VPS的公网IP
您的IPPTRmail.domain.com可能需要联系服务商添加
domain.comMXmail.domain.com
autodiscover.domain.comCNAMEmail.domain.com
autoconfig.domain.comCNAMEmail.domain.com
domain.comTXTv=spf1 a mx ip4:173.0.xx.xxx ~allIP改成你自己的
dkim._domainkey.domain.comTXT从mailcow后台获取DKIM记录从mailcow后台获取

邮件测试

DNS解析添加完毕后，等待几分钟生效，然后在mailcow后台添加邮箱账号，并登录webmail进行发件测试。

打开 https://www.mail-tester.com/ 这个网站，然后用你的mailcow邮箱发送邮件，发送完毕后查看得分。

满分为10分，如果评分很差，mail-tester会给出提示，建议根据提示进行修正即可。

总结

上述步骤我们仅仅是完成了安装和初始化，其实后续还有很多配置和维护工作要做。比如禁用IPV6、反向代理、配置SSL证书、数据备份与恢复等，有兴趣的可以参考mailcow官方文档完成，后续xiaoz再分享mailcow配置方面的内容。

自建邮局比较复杂且步骤繁多，很多细节问题若处理不好很容易进垃圾箱。非必要情况建议使用第三方企业邮箱即可，除非有特殊需求。自建邮局虽然不受发件量限制，但不建议短时间内发送大量垃圾邮件，否则你的IP或域名很容易被拉黑，最后得不偿失。

mailcow官网：https://mailcow.email/

sanradar
sanradar
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